Nano Hydroxyapatite: A Promising Material for Wastewater Remediation

Abstract

In recent years, increasing environmental issues, particularly relating to biogenic and chemical pollution of water, have become a significant threat to both human health and the ecosystems. Clean water, which is free from pathogens and toxic chemicals, is vital to human health. The blue planet is encountering remarkable challenges in meeting the ever-increasing demands of clean water. Hence, the removal of these toxic pollutants is necessary and. has attracted considerable efforts particularly via adsorption technology. The aim of this review is to summarize other synthesis methods and recent applications of hydroxyapatite-nanoparticles as adsorbents and catalysts. With the advances in materials science and nanotechnology, new materials have been regularly fabricated for several purposes. Hydroxyapatite is among the most representative ceramic materials and considered promising for long-term containment of toxic pollutants due to its large surface area, high reactivity, catalytic potential and presence of a large number of active sites. Surface properties of synthetic well-crystallized hydroxyapatite were also investigated by many researchers. Normally, two models of adsorption isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir) are employed to correlate the data in order to understand the adsorption mechanism. The study on hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanopowder made from fish waste (skin, bones, and scales) has brought to its beneficial use as an adsorbent even for lead removal in water. These novel materials promise a feasible advance in the development of new, easy to handle and low-cost water purifying methods. The wastewater parametric conditions and the synthesized hydroxyapatite-based materials covered herein are expected to inspire and stimulate further applications of nanoceramic-based materials in the environmental science.